monococcum, compared with the ar-chaeobotanical literature of north-central Italy, allows to us consider it as a ''cultural'' element of Lombard farming. At the same time, the significant presence of the primitive cereal T. minor from the first phase of the Lombard farming village suggests continuity with the agricultural tradition of the preceding Roman world, and the use of good cultivation techniques that allowed quality yields to be obtained from rather poor soils. The presence of Triticum aestivum/durum and Vicia faba var. Plant macrofossil (carpological) and morpho-metric analyses were carried out on plant remains from the medieval castle of Miranduolo, Siena, a rural settlement in central Italy with a long sequence of occupation between the 8th and the 11th centuries A.D. This study provides information on the management of plants of economic importance for the Phoenician and Punic communities in Sardinia. Many amphorae contained ovine/caprine bones with slaughter or butchering marks, associated with grapes and other juicy fruits that have been interpreted as possible ingredients used as meat preservatives. The waterlogged conditions favoured the preservation of plant remains such as Citrullus lanatus, Corylus avellana, Juglans regia, Juniperus oxycedrus, Lagenaria siceraria, Olea europaea, Pinus pinea, P. Two principal deposition phases have been distinguished, the first one dated to the 6th–5th century bc and the second dated to the 3rd−2nd century bc. Several transport amphorae, together with Punic coarse pot‑ tery and materials typical of funerary and votive contexts have been recovered. Keywords: Plant macrofossils, Amphorae, Maritime trade routes, Roman period, Pula, CroatiaĪ research project carried out in Santa Giusta lagoon, Sardinia, since 2005 has revealed the presence of Phoenician and Punic waterlogged archaeological contexts of exceptional importance. As a contribution for recognizing organic remains, we isolated the amphorae whose purpose was the storage and maritime transportation of different food products and ingredients. Because of the large amount of artefacts found at the site, the analysis of the artefacts and data processing are still in progress. Some of the mentioned artefacts include ceramic amphorae, ceramic table- and kitchenware, ceramic lamps, different usable objects made of glass, wooden use objects, parts of ship’s equipment and other wooden tools, architecture elements from the nearby port as well as residential structures and remains of stone monuments. Together with the two Roman ships, during the archaeological excavations of the Roman harbour and its layers, we collected over 2000 different archaeological artefacts out of which a large numberwas almost perfectly preserved.

Archaeobotanical comparisons of the site in Flacius Street with similar coastal Roman sites- Verige Bay on Veli Brijuni (first-fifth century AD), the port of Zaton near Nin (first-third century AD) and Caska Bay on the island of Pag (first and second century AD)-reveal considerable similarities, confirming the uniformity in nutrition and plant growth in the wider coastal area. There were a few elements of evergreen forest vegetation and plants of aquatic habitats at the site (2 + 1), which suggests the existence of this type of vegetation in the area of the site in Roman times. The number of ruderal and weed species found is relatively high (31) in comparison with other plant categories (fruit trees and nuts fruit collected from the wild cereals condiments oil crops vegetables and tubers plants of fresh water environments elements of maquis), but as they came to the site accidentally and not by targeted human activity, there are far fewer macrofossils of such plants than those of cultivated species. These are all species that are widespread in the Mediterranean area and have likely always been consumed by the local population. The most abundant are the remains of Ficus carica, Pinus pinea, Vitis vinifera subsp.

The results of the analysis show that most of the plant remains belong to the group of fruit trees and nuts. Out of 27 samples collected from an excavated Roman port in Flacius Street in Pula, in total, 9809 plantmacrofossils were recovered, identified and analysed. The aim of this archaeobotanical and archaeological research is to expand knowledge about Roman diet and plant cultivation in Istria and to compare it with similar localities on the Eastern Adriatic coast.We have also tried to find some new information about maritime trade routes in the Mediterranean area in ancient times.

Cornus mas feuille